Camera shots:
Long shot (LS):
A long shot is shot at a considerable distance from the subject.
Medium shot (MS):
A medium shot is filmed from a relatively short distance from the subject.
Close up (CS):
A close up is filmed from a short distance from the subject and is used to give the audience information.
Extreme close up (ECU):
An extreme close up is shot from a very short distance from the subject and is used to give the audience vital information. It is used in Psycho by Alfred Hitchcock during the famous shower scene. This scene includes a montage of close ups and extreme close ups to ensure that the audience identify that she is being slashed to death.
Point of view (POV):
The point of view shots are filmed from the subject's perspective through the use of the camera angle.
Low angle:
Low angle shots are filmed from below the subject's eye-level to establish dominance and/or power over another character.
High angle:
High angle shots are filmed from above the subject's eye-level to make them appear vulnerable.
Camera movements:
Pan:
The "panning" movement is when the camera is turned around horizontally on a fixed axis to follow the subject's movement. A "whip pan" is a fast rotation.
Tilt:
The tilt movement is similar to the pan movement expect it moves vertically instead of horizontally. It is used to create a sense of size.
Crane shot:
The crane shot, or birds eye view, is filmed from a height to show vast areas. It can be used to make people look small and vulnerable in their vast surroundings.
Tracking shot:
A tracking shot follows, or "tracks", movement. The camera is mounted onto a dolly or moves steadily along on tracks- the surface must be even for this to be a successful shot.
Rolling shot:
A rolling shot is when the camera rolls to one side which gives the effect of confusion, intoxication or disorientation.
Steadicam:
The steadicam is used where the dolly or tracks cannot go while maintaining a "steady" shot.
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